ANTARCTICA


 * RESEARCH TASK OVERVIEW: **



**REFERENCING** : Title Author Year of Publication
 * BOOKS **

URL - Website Address Date you accessed the website.
 * WEBSITE **

Title Of Worksheet
 * WORKSHEETS: **

I have included a title that informs the reader of my topic. I have written an introduction that briefly describes my topic. I have written an introduction that informs the reader of what the rest of the report will be about.
 * INFORMATION REPORT CHECKLIST **
 * INTRODUCTION **

I have written topic sentences that introduce the main idea of each paragraph. I have written paragraphs that include facts and details related to each topic sentence/main idea.
 * BODY/PARAGRAPHS **

I have written a conclusion that explains why the topic is important. or/and I have written a conclusion that summarises the main ideas.
 * CONCLUSION **

I have checked my writing for misspelled words. I have checked my writing for errors in punctuation. I have checked my writing making sure that my writing makes sense.
 * EDITING **

I have included a bibliography with a list of all the sources I used to find my information
 * REFERENCES **

Erik Harrison Jack || Brianna Ethan Zack Adrianna Bailey || Michael Caitlin Charlie Courtney Thomas || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Rocco <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Kiara <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">James <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Ciara || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jarrod <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jessie <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Cassandra <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Zack <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Mikaela || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Luke <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jasmyn <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Ben || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Emily <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Josh <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Tomas <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Scott <span style="color: #f50018; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Sophie || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Alex <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Olivia <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Michael <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Matthew || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Isaac <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Brooke <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Olivia <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Keegan || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Conor <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Kurtis <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Rose <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Emerson <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Kurtis || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jacob <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">David <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Annabelle || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Kieran <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Montana <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Kirstie-Lee <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Daniel || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Jarrod <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Georgia <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Shandelle <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Dominic <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Charbel || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Preston <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Trent <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Lachlan <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Luke || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Thomas <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Riley <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Antonia <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Zac <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Ryan || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Stephanie <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Nicholas <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Shannen || <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Tim <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Justin <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Christian <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Allesandro ||  ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">GROUP PAGES: **
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP A || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP B  || <span style="display: block; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%; text-align: center;">GROUP C  || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP D  || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP E  ||
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Will
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP F || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP G || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP H || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP I || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP J ||
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Keeley
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP K || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP L || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP M || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP N || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP O ||
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Connor
 * <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP P || <span style="font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">GROUP Q ||  ||   ||   ||
 * <span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">Zac

<span style="color: #ff0000; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">**RESOURCE BOOKLETS** :



<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Discovering Antarctica
 * <span style="color: #00ff00; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 150%;">WEBLINKS: **

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Cool Antarctica

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Australian Antarctic Division

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Classroom Antarctica

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Journey To THe Frozen Continent

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">[|Virtual Antarctica]

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Zoom School

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">Year 5 Antarctica Blog

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">OzProject Antarctica

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">National Geographic

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">CSIRIO

<span style="font-family: Tahoma,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 120%;">KIDCYBER

how thick is the ice in Antarctica ?
 * <span style="color: #0000ff; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 200%;">CONGRATULATIONS STAGE 3 SOME GREAT INFORMATION - WE WILL DISCUSS YOUR FINDINGS FURTHER TOMORROW - MRS W **

up to 4 miles

if you were to take a drill into antartica you would need a drill about 4 miles long!!

The above answer to this question is not accurate. About 98% of Antarctica is covered by ice, which averages at least 1.6 kilometres (1.0 mi) in thickness according to Wikipedia.

Even that information is suspect, it would mean that if all the ice were evenly dispersed, that at the continents edge you would run into a wall of ice at least a mile high. I suspect that information on this site and Wikipedia have been corrupted.

According to NASA the West Antarctic ice sheet rests on a bed well below sea level and is drained by much larger outlet glaciers and ice streams that accelerate over distances of hundreds of kilometers before reaching the ocean, often through large floating ice shelves. The deepest known ice rests 2,555 meters below sea level, where the ice is over 4 kilometers thick.

The question then is, how large would Antarctica be in land mass if there were no ice to displace the ocean? ,

[] by Georgia pirrone

= ** START ** =
 * ~ **Bibliographic Entry** ||~ **Result**
 * (w/surrounding text)** ||~ **Standardized**
 * Result** ||
 * **Lutgens, Frederick K., & Edward J. Tarbuck. //The Atmosphere. 6th ed//., 1995: 397.** || **"Elsmitte, at the center of the Greenland ice cap, rests an elevation of almost 3,000 meters, and much of Antarctica is even higher."** || > **3,000 m** ||
 * **"Ice Cap." //World Book//. Chicago: World Book, 2000: 19.** || **"The ice cap has an average thickness of about 7,000 feet (2,100 m)."** || **2,100 m**
 * (average)** ||
 * **"Fuchs and Hillary." //The Grolier Student Library of Explorers and Exploration//. Grolier, 1998: 71.** || **"Throughout their trek, they took soundings which showed that the ice cap was up to 9,000 feet (2,700 m) thick, and that entire mountain ranges lay buried beneath the ice cap."** || **2,700 m** ||
 * **Bramwell, Martyn. //Glaciers and Ice Caps//. Belgium: Franklin Watts, 1986: 19.** || **"The average thickness of the Antarctic ice is 2,000 m (6,500 feet), and the greatest measured thickness is more than 4,770 m (15,650 feet)."** || **4,470 m**
 * (maximum)** ||
 * **<span class="goog_qs-tidbit goog_qs-tidbit-0">Simon, Seymour. //<span class="goog_qs-tidbit goog_qs-tidbit-0">Icebergs and Glaciers //<span class="goog_qs-tidbit goog_qs-tidbit-0">. New York: Mulberry, 1987. ** || **<span class="goog_qs-tidbit goog_qs-tidbit-0">"In some places, the Antarctic ice sheet is more than fifteen thousand feet thick." ** || **<span class="goog_qs-tidbit goog_qs-tidbit-0">4,500 m ** ||


 * ** The Many Forms of Snow and Ice ** ||
 * **Glaciers** || **Moving bodies of ice formed mainly of snow that has thawed, refrozen, and become more crystalline and dense.** ||
 * **IceSheets** || **Vast shields of thick continental ice that have formed through the accumulation of snow over millions of years. Ice sheets are frequently domed shaped and gradually sloped.** ||
 * **Ice Shelves** || **Large continentally based ice sheets which have flowed to the coast where they then float in the ocean.** ||
 * **Icebergs** || **Chunks of ice of all sizes which break off continental ice sheets and ice shelves in a process known as "calving". Individual icebergs range from a few meters to tens of miles in diameter.** ||
 * **Ice Crystals** || **Also known as "Diamond Dust," ice crystals are essentially crystallized water vapor, found in areas of low humidity and extreme cold. At the South Pole, they are often observed suspended on currents of air, and sparkling with reflected sunlight.** ||
 * **Sastrugi** || **Wind packed drift snow in the form of small hard ridges which resemble frozen waves. They can make surface travel very rough.** ||
 * **Sea Ice** || **Ice which forms on the surface of the ocean, starting at coastlines and extending outward. It can take many forms from a "greasy" sheen on the water's surface to vast discontinuous masses of pack ice several meters thick.** ||
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">//With 98% of its surface covered with various forms of snow and ice, it's no wonder that the continent of Antarctica attracts "cold weather" scientists from all over the world. Basically, Antarctica is a snow and ice "factory" with ice depths on the Polar Plateau reaching 15,000 feet (the continent's average ice thickness is 7,000 feet). Thus, one of Antarctica's most important resources is its ice. It is said that Antarctica's ice accounts for 70% of the world's fresh water. Some people have considered towing icebergs from Antarctica to parts of the world in need of fresh water.// **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">//As strange as it sounds, however, Antarctica is essentially a desert. The average yearly total precipitation is about two inches. So, where did all this snow and ice come from? The answer lies in Antarctica's unique location at the bottom of the world and the unique weather conditions that exist there.// **


 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Where does the snow come from? **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">The precipitation is carried in by the storm systems. These cyclonic systems carry warm moist air from the lower latitudes. So, most of the snow falls within 120 to 190 miles of the coast. Average precipitation on the coast is 20 to 50 inches of snow (7 to 16 inches of water equivalent). The Antarctic Peninsula has highest precipitation of the continent, (36 inches water equivalent). **
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">Precipitation declines inland because of the increased altitude and distance from the sea. Storms cannot penetrate far into the continental interior except in the low lying regions. Most snow fall occurs in winter when the westerlies are strongest and the storm systems can reach inland farther and more often. When warm moist air does make it all the way to the Polar Plateau, the air cools considerably. Eventually it becomes supersaturated with ice crystals. Ice crystals account for 90% of the accumulation on the plateau. The annual snow fall at the South Pole is less than 1 inch (water equivalent) or 3 centimeters. **

an antarctic glaciers
 * <span style="font-family: Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;">GlaciersGlaciers form when the yearly snowfall exceeds the yearly melt. Because Antarctica's temperatures rarely exceed the freezing point, thick ice sheets can form if given enough time. In Antarctica there are both alpine and continental glaciers. Alpine glaciers are found in the high basins of mountain ranges and flow down into valleys. By contrast, a continental glacier forms on a continental land mass and flows outward from its source region. Over time the snow on glaciers becomes more dense and more granular in texture as freeze/thaw cycles and pressure cause it to recrystallize and compact into ice. Gravity pulls all glaciers and ice sheets downhill and the Antarctica ice sheets are no exception. The ice in Antarctica is flowing to the sea at a rate of about one to ten meters per year. When glaciers flow over changing slopes or uneven land, the brittle top layers crack and form deep fractures called crevasses. **

[]

[] by josh = = =**FINISH**= =

=

The ice that covers Antartica Maximum is 15700 feet! Which is 3785 meters, nearly 3 miles! Antartica is also the 5th largest continent covering 10% of the earth's surface, with an area of 5.4 million square miles!Keeley- I got this info from- [|www.enotes.com]

<span style="color: #f70808; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">The ice that covers Antarctica reaches a maximum thickness of 15,700 feet (4,785 meters), nearly 3km. The average thickness of ice in Antarctica is 7,100 feet (2,164 meters), about 1 miles. <span style="color: #f70808; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">BY THOMAS M:) i got this from <span style="color: #f70808; display: block; font-family: 'Arial Black',Gadget,sans-serif; font-size: 200%; text-align: left;">http://www.enotes.com/science-fact-finder/earth/how-thick-ice-that-covers-antarctica

__<span style="color: #ee1b33; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 220%;">**WHY DO ICE BURGS FLOAT** ____<span style="color: #ee1b33; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 220%;">**iCE BURGS FLOAT BECAUSE THE WATER FORMS HYDROGEN BONDS Which FORM LARGE SPACES OF AIR CREATING THE ICE TO BE LESS DENCE THAN WATER THERE FOR THE ICE BURG FLOATS.** __ __<span style="color: #ee1b33; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 220%;">**I GOT THIS INFORMATION FROM ANSWERS.COM** __ __<span style="color: #ee1b33; font-family: Impact,Charcoal,sans-serif; font-size: 220%;">**BY KIERAN** __

The average thickness of the ice in Anarctica is 7000feet which is 2.1km. The deepest thickness of the ice is in Polar Plateau which is 15000feet which is 4.5km. I got this information at [|www.antarcticconnection.com]. By Preston.

Ice burges contain alot of air, they are far from a solid block of ice that people think. They actually have billions of tiny air bubbles, giving the ice burge a white apperance. I got this info from- [|www.lifeslittlemysteries.com] By Keeley

<span style="color: #00ffb3; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">﻿The thickness of the ice on Antarctica is 4785 metres! <span style="color: #00ffb3; font-family: Verdana,Geneva,sans-serif; font-size: 110%;">From Emily!! I got this infomation from []

I am not sure if this is true but on wikipedia it says that "About 98%of Antarctica is covered with ice and that averages of at least 1.6km to in thickness. KIARA []

ANTARCTICADid you know that in Antarctica in the winter time it can get up to - 40 to - 70 digrees 5 interesting sentencesbillion - The man owned 4 billion dollars.infinity - Buzz lightlear always says infinity and beyond.invite - James gave an invite to jess.equiment - My netball team needed to use the equipment for training.Stage 3 had to reach something to get information on Antarctica. week 4

Did you know that Antarctica is not a country meaning it has no flag or national anthem!!!!!!!!!

By Emily

[] [] The Ice thickness is about 6.5km. By Matthew Yr5

The thickness of Antarcticas ice is 4 miles down of ice. Michael t

<span style="background-color: #120c12; color: #ffffff; font-family: 'Comic Sans MS',cursive;">﻿the average thickness is 2, 164 and the maximum reachs 4, 785 i got this from answers.com by Brooke p

<span style="background-color: #e0c010; color: #ec09df; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 180%;">Did you know? <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 180%;">Antarctica's coldest day on recorded is -89 degrees Celsius and the hottest day recored is -1 <span style="font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 180%; line-height: 35px;">degrees Celsius <span style="background-color: #e0c010; color: #ec09df; font-family: 'Lucida Console',Monaco,monospace; font-size: 23px; line-height: 35px;">Ben B